Non-motorized Level-Of-Service Rating Factors

Feature	Definition	Indicators
Network continuity	Whether sidewalks and paths exist, and connect throughout an area.	§  Portion of streets with nonmotorized facilities. §  Length of path per capita. §  Network connectivity and density (kilometers of sidewalks and paths per square kilometer).
Network quality	Whether sidewalks and paths are properly designed and maintained.	§  Sidewalk and path functional width. §  Portion of sidewalks and paths that meet current design standards. §  Portion of sidewalks and paths in good repair.
Road crossing	Safety and speed of road crossings	§  Road crossing widths. §  Motor vehicle traffic volumes and speeds. §  Average pedestrian crossing time. §  Quantity and quality of crosswalks, signals and crossing guards.
Traffic protection	Separation of nonmotorized traffic from motorized traffic, particularly high traffic volumes and speeds.	§  Distance between traffic lanes and sidewalks or paths. §  Presence of physical separators, such as trees and bollards. §  Speed control.
Congestion and user conflicts	Whether sidewalks and paths are crowded or experience other conflicts.	§  Functional width of sidewalk and paths. §  Peak-period density (people per square meter) §  Clearance from hazards, such as street furniture and performers within the right-of-way. §  Number of reported conflicts among users. §  Facility management to minimize user conflicts.
Topography	Presence of steep inclines.	§  Portion of sidewalks and paths with steep inclines.
Sense of Security	Perceived threats of accidents, assault, theft or abuse.	§  Reported security incidents. §  Quality of visibility and lighting.
Wayfinding	Guidance for navigating within the station and to nearby destinations.	§  Availability and quality of signs, maps and visitor information services.
Weather protection	User protected from sun and rain.	§  Presence of shade trees and awnings.
Cleanliness	Cleanliness of facilities and nearby areas.	§  Litter, particularly potentially dangerous objects. §  Graffiti on facilities and nearby areas. §  Effectiveness of sidewalk and path cleaning programs.
Attractiveness	The attractiveness of the facility, nearby areas and destinations.	§  Quality of facility design. §  Quality of nearby buildings and landscaping. §  Area Livability (environmental and social quality of an area). §  Community cohesion (quantity and quality of positive interactions among people in an area). §  Number of parks and recreational areas accessible by nonmotorized facilities.
Marketing	Effectiveness of efforts to encourage nonmotorized transportation.	§  Quality of nonmotorized education and promotion programs. §  Nonmotorized transport included in Commute Trip Reduction programs.

Source: Introduction to Multi-Modal Transportation Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute. 2012

Factors Affecting Accessibility

Name	Description	Current Consideration
Transport Demand	The amount of mobility and access that people and businesses would choose under various conditions (times, prices, levels of service, etc).	Motorized travel demand is well studied, but nonmotorized demand is not. Travel demand is often considered exogenous rather than affected by planning decisions.
Mobility	The distance and speed of travel, including personal mobility (measured as person-miles) and vehicle mobility (measured as vehicle-miles).	Conventional transport planning primarily evaluates mobility, particularly vehicle mobility.
Transportation Options	The quantity and quality of access options, including walking, cycling, ridesharing, transit, taxi, delivery services, and telecommunications. Qualitative factors include availability, speed, frequency, convenience, comfort, safety, price and prestige.	Motor vehicle options and quality are usually considered, using indicators such as roadway level-of-service, but other modes lack such indicators and some important service quality factors are often overlooked.
User information	The quality (convenience and reliability) of information available to users on their mobility and accessibility options.	Frequently considered when dealing with a particular mode or location, but often not comprehensive.
Integration	The degree of integration among transport system links and modes, including terminals and parking facilities.	Automobile transport is generally well integrated, but connections between other modes are often poorly evaluated.
Affordability	The cost to users of transport and location options relative to incomes.	Automobile operating costs and transit fares are usually considered.
Mobility Substitutes	The quality of telecommunications and delivery services that substitute for physical travel.	Not usually considered in transport planning.
Land Use Factors	Degree that factors such as land use density and mix affect accessibility.	Considered in land use planning, but less in transport planning.
Transport Network Connectivity	The density of connections between roads and paths, and therefore the directness by which people can travel between destinations.	Conventional planning seldom considers the effects of roadway connectivity on accessibility.
Roadway Design and Management	How road design and management practices affect vehicle traffic, mobility and accessibility.	Some factors are generally considered, but others are not.
Prioritization	Various strategies that increase transport system efficiency.	Often overlooked or undervalued in conventional planning.
Inaccessibility	The value of inaccessibility and external costs of increased mobility.	Not generally considered in transport planning.

Source: Introduction to Multi-Modal Transportation Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute. 2012